Does evil exist? Neuroscientists say no. – Slate Magazine

Augustine argued that evil is a privation of the good.  That does not simply mean that evil is simply a lack of the good, but rather, that the creation/creature has been deprived of the good that is part of the original intent.  In humanity this may mean being formed or educated away from the good.  Holding such a view of evil–that is, that it is not something independent that exerts force, but instead an absence that at a basic level results in decay and loss–means that issues such as those raised in the article below are not as difficult.  The issues relating to free will (or rather, the lack thereof) however are quite a bit more difficult to deal with from any common place perspective, religious or otherwise.

Is evil over? Has science finally driven a stake through its dark heart? Or at least emptied the word of useful meaning, reduced the notion of a numinous nonmaterial malevolent force to a glitch in a tangled cluster of neurons, the brain?

Yes, according to many neuroscientists, who are emerging as the new high priests of the secrets of the psyche, explainers of human behavior in general. A phenomenon attested to by a recent torrent of pop-sci brain books with titles like Incognito: The Secret Lives of the Brain. Not secret in most of these works is the disdain for metaphysical evil, which is regarded as an antiquated concept that’s done more harm than good. They argue that the time has come to replace such metaphysical terms with physical explanations—malfunctions or malformations in the brain.

Of course, people still commit innumerable bad actions, but the idea that people make conscious decisions to hurt or harm is no longer sustainable, say the new brain scientists. For one thing, there is no such thing as “free will” with which to decide to commit evil. (Like evil, free will is an antiquated concept for most.) Autonomous, conscious decision-making itself may well be an illusion. And thus intentional evil is impossible.

via Does evil exist? Neuroscientists say no. – Slate Magazine.

St. Michael and All Angels

Today is the feast of St. Michael and All Angels in the calendar of The Episcopal Church, as in much of the Western Church.

Collect of the Day:

Everlasting God, you have ordained and constituted in a wonderful order the ministries of angels and mortals: Mercifully grant that, as your holy angels always serve and worship you in heaven, so by your appointment they may help and defend us here on earth; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever.  Amen.

A Reading from the Revelation to John:

And war broke out in heaven; Michael and his angels fought against the dragon. The dragon and his angels fought back,  but they were defeated, and there was no longer any place for them in heaven.  The great dragon was thrown down, that ancient serpent, who is called the Devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world—he was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him.

Then I heard a loud voice in heaven, proclaiming,  “Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God   and the authority of his Messiah, for the accuser of our comrades has been thrown down, who accuses them day and night before our God.

But they have conquered him by the blood of the Lamb   and by the word of their testimony,  for they did not cling to life even in the face of death.

Rejoice then, you heavens   and those who dwell in them!  But woe to the earth and the sea, for the devil has come down to you with great wrath, because he knows that his time is short!”  (Rev. 12:7-12)

More on the ways folks have celebrated St. Michael from Google Books:

Continue reading

Changes coming to Facebook

So, lots of folks have been frustrated by the changes in Facebook’s news feed recently. There are more changes coming, this time to your profile. For those who aren’t aware, there’s this article (H/T to @revstevewood). I took advantage of the opportunity given to developers to preview the new format and I like it. At the moment only people categorized as “developers” will see my profile in the new format, but as of Oct. 1, everyone will. Here’s a screen cap of the new “timeline” layout:

Random question

In his well-known book Christ and Culture H. Richard Niebuhr has this wonderful section early on where he talks about our picture of Jesus, and how our perspectives tend to shape it.  Niebuhr writes:

[Jesus] can never be confused with a Socrates, a Plato or an Aristotle, a Gautama [Buddha], a Confucius, or a Mohammed, or even with Amos or Isaiah. Interpreted by a monk, he may take on monastic characteristics; delineated by a socialist, he may show the features of a radical reformer; portrayed by a Hoffman, he may appear as a mild gentleman. But there always remain the original portraits with which all later pictures may be compared and by which all caricatures may be corrected. And in these original portraits he is recognizably one and the same. (Niebuhr, 13)

My question is this: what is a Hoffman?  Is it slang for an actor, a dandy, a gentleman… what?  Neither the Oxford English Dictionary or the Urban dictionary have a clue–perhaps someone reading this will.

Thirty Three Things V.1

Here are some random things I’ve been reading/discussing online lately:

  1. The Lead: Study explores educational level and religiosity.  Note: the results aren’t what you’d likely expect.
  2. Bishop Pierre Whalon on “What is Anglicanism”
  3. Preaching to their own Choirs: on how folks didn’t change their minds about heaven or hell after reading Rob Bell or Francis Chan
  4. Education needs a digital age upgrade (NYT)
  5. A National Debt of $14 Trillion? Try $211 Trillion. (NPR)
  6. Why Bank Bailouts haven’t led to jobs (Harvard Business Review)
  7. Stuff on Adam & Eve, evolution etc… (seems like this has been a popular topic, so I have a few links: Hermeneutics, Origins & Ethics (JD Kirk), Evangelicals Question the Existence of Adam and Eve (Jesus Needs New PR), The Search for the Historical Adam (Christianity Today)
  8. About Original Sin being the only empirically provable Christian doctrine
  9. The Brain on Trial (The Atlantic)
  10. Bert and Ernie will not marry, despite the efforts of signers of an online petition (BBC).  Money quote: A statement from the show’s makers said: “They remain puppets and do not have a sexual orientation.”
  11. Harry Potter and Running from Death (Front Porch Republic)
  12. Why Hospitals in Portland are Banning Early Births (The Atlantic), how inductions and c-sections are actually harming the health of mother and baby.
  13. The Least Pivotal Time in American History (The Atlantic)
  14. Why bother with Marshal McLuhan? (The New Atlantis)
  15. What Neuroscience cannot tell us about ourselves (The New Atlantis)
  16. Place and Placelessness in America (The New Atlantis)
  17. Happy Birthday Herbert Hoover: The Lost Legacy of a Hated President (The Atlantic)
  18. The New America (Church & Culture): “It’s now official. The United States is ‘bigger, older, more Hispanic and Asian and less wedded to marriage and traditional families than it was in 1990.’”
  19. Anglicanism’s Magisterial Authority (The Creedal Christian)
  20. Speaking of Hoover.  At the end of the campaign, when he arrived in Palo Alto, he opened a telegram that read “Vote for Roosevelt and make it unanimous.” (Google Books)
  21. Europe’s Conservative Confusion: nearly every government on the continent is center right.  So why can’t they get along and figure out how to get along and save the EU economies? (Foreign Policy)
  22. What isn’t behind the London Riots (Called the “Shopping Riots” now by some) (The Washington Post)
  23. Can Motherhood be Criminalized? 
  24. Where have all the Girls Gone? It’s true: western money and advice really did help fuel the explosion of sex selection in Asia. (Foreign Policy)
  25. The Kids Aren’t Alright: What’s really behind Britain’s wave of youth violence? (Foreign Policy)
  26. The Sons of Brixton: Cameron’s Failed Politics of Austerity (Foreign Affairs)
  27. Bearing the Cost of War: Why the U.S. Should Raise Taxes — Just As it Has in Previous Conflicts (Foreign Affairs) “Most Americans have made no sacrifices at all for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The burden should be shared. It’s long past time for Congress to enact a wartime tax, something it’s done in almost every war in the past.”
  28. GetReligion talks about the various Adam & Eve and Evangelical stories out there recently–and who should have credited who
  29. Augustine’s Origin of Species: How the great theologian might weigh in on the Darwin debate. (Christianity Today)
  30. Two Churches that closed down the show (Internet Monk)
  31. Peter Berger talks about the accusation of being “On the Wrong side of History.”
  32. The Fading Shadow of the Habsburgs
  33. The Progressive Crisis

Well… there you have it.  Let me know what you think of any of these pieces.

From Holy Dying by Jeremy Taylor

Jeremy TaylorReflecting on a lot of different things as I prepared for my sermon tomorrow.  This bit from Jeremy Taylor likely won’t be in the sermon, but it jumped out at me nonetheless:

…we take pains to heap up things useful to our life, and get our deaths in the purchase; and the person is snatched away, and the goods remain.  And all this is the law and constitution of nature; it is a punishment to our sins, the unalterable event of providence, and the decree of heaven: the chains that confine us to this condition are strong as destiny, and immutable as the eternal laws of God.

I have conversed with some men who rejoiced in the death or calamity of others, and accounted it as a judgement upon them for being on the other side, and against them in the contention: but within the revolution of a few months, the same man met with a more uneasy and unhandsome death: which when I saw, I wept, and was afraid; for I knew that it must be so with all men; for we also shall die, and end our quarrels and contentions by passing to a final sentence. (Jeremy Taylor, Holy Dying)

Bible Study resources

 

St. Jerome in his Study

I’m in the midst of preparing materials for a new slate of Bible studies at St. Joseph of Arimathea. To begin with, I’m writing introductions to bible study methods as well as reviews of various Study Bibles such as the New Oxford Annotated, the New Interpreter’s Study Bible, etc… listing their pros and cons. If anyone has any suggestions regarding annotated study bibles or reference bible editions, please let me know.

 

In addition, I’m looking through my books for some books to read with those who are interested before we get started in earnest. Here are a few I’m thinking of, suggestions are welcome:

 

Fun with search terms

I’ve been getting more traffic on this post (sermon actually), which I wrote last year for The Sunday of the Passion: Palm Sunday.  Evidently there are a number of folks who would rather have Palm Sunday be only Palm Sunday and forgo the reading of the Passion Gospel on this day in favor of another occasion (logically, Good Friday, when we read it again) because, in addition to the comments on last year’s post, someone got to my blog today by searching:

“omit passion narrative on palm sunday episcopal” and others (?) by searching:

“passion gospel palm sunday or good friday?”

“rubrics reading of the passion story”

Interesting… I hope some folks will be encouraged to leave comments about why they’re looking to see if the rubrics allow the omission

Adolescent Puritanism

In the past I have have observed that one of the best ways to make sense of American attitudes toward sexuality and the body is to think of Americans as adolescent puritans.  In saying this I don’t intend to insult either adolescents or puritans, it’s just a good short hand for a peculiar mix of attitudes, the rebelliousness of adolescence, and the prudishness of puritans (actually, the Puritans were far less prudish than contemporary Americans in many ways).  For example, I’ve yet to find anyone who would argue the fact that our media is awash with sexual imagery, that innuendo and and scant dress are the currency of advertising–anyone who watches the Super Bowl can attest to it.  Yet at the same time, Americans can be extremely prudish about natural bodily functions.  The language used in popular culture about sexuality and the body–being naughty, bad etc…–indicates that we see sexuality as a guilty pleasure.  But while we desire the equivalent of sexual candy, we reject a healthy appreciation of the body as too risque for everyday life.  We want to have our candy as candy rather than face the truth that we need to grow up and recognize why we were created as sexual beings, and what it means that sex, reproduction and child-rearing are of a piece–a tapestry of life if you will–and that compartmentalizing them leads to tremendous dysfunction.

Some of this dysfunction gets written into our laws, such as a law here in Tennessee that makes it a statutory offense for mothers to breast-feed children over 12 months of age.  I should be clear about the lack of clarity in the statute, in this case the TN statute concerning public indecency.  § 39-13-511 of the Tennessee Code, concerning Public indecency says the following in ¶ 2, section A, defining nudity:

“Nudity” or “state of nudity” means the showing of the bare human male or female genitals or pubic area with less than a fully opaque covering, the showing of the female breast with less than a fully opaque covering of the areola, or the showing of the covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state. “Nudity” or “state of nudity” does not include a mother in the act of nursing the mother’s baby[...]

This seems pretty clear and straightforward, however, there is this additional comment about breastfeeding:

(c) The provisions of this section do not apply to a mother who is breastfeeding her child who is twelve (12) months of age or younger in any location, public or private.

So the question becomes: why the specificity?  Was this added to the code in order to restrict the age that a woman could breastfeed without fear of harrasment, or was it actually a forward-looking liberalization when it was passed in 2006?  Either way, the age seems immaterial.  If someone doesn’t like the age at which a mother is breasfeeding her child, they need to–excuse the phrase–suck it up, and move on.  Different strokes for different folks as my dad says.  The act of breastfeeding a child is not indecent, whether the sensibility is shared or not.  Most women have a sense of propriety and don’t desire to draw attention to themselves or their children in such circumstances.

In this case, the problem is in the eye of the beholder.  As I once told a friend who complained about the way some people were dressing, at a certain point, you have to take responsibility for your own thoughts and your own sins.  You can’t blame others for the way they dress or comport themselves–you have to deal with it yourself.  I feel the same way about people who would have an issue with breastfeeding–if you have a problem with it, well then, you probably do have a problem and should deal with it.

In the immediate future, there is a possibility that this restriction could be removed.  Senator Faulk (Republican from Kingsport) has introduced a bill that would remove this age limitation.  The bill reads:

Children – As introduced, deletes the age limitation in statute permitting mothers to publicly breastfeed only their children who are age 12 months or younger. – Amends TCA Section 39-13-511 and Title 68, Chapter 58.

The only problem is that the bill lacks a sponsor in the House of Representatives, without which, it will die for another year.  Consider writing your representatives to see if they will take this on.  From my perspective the fact that government would presume to insert itself in such a sensitive area goes beyond the bounds of the public good and after all, Jesus was breastfed–and probably past a year old.

Don’t believe me–take a look :-) :